31 Evgenov, N. V. Medarova, Z. Dai, G. Bonner-Weir, S. Moore, A. 2006 Nat Med 12 1 144-8 Jan 1078-8956 (Print) 16380717 Time Factors Phantoms, Imaging Microscopy, Fluorescence Microscopy, Electron/methods Microscopy, Confocal/methods Mice, Nude Mice Animals Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods Islets of Langerhans Transplantation/*pathology Islets of Langerhans/*cytology Hyperglycemia Humans Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Disease Models, Animal Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/*pathology Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental Cell Transplantation Microscopy Fluorescence Disease Models Animal Diabetes Mellitus Phantoms Imaging Electron/methods Confocal/methods Nude Type 1/*pathology Experimental Type 1 diabetes mellitus is characterized by the selective destruction of insulin-producing beta cells, which leads to a deficiency in insulin secretion and, as a result, to hyperglycemia. At present, transplantation of pancreatic islets is an emerging and promising clinical modality, which can render individuals with type 1 diabetes insulin independent without increasing the incidence of hypoglycemic events. To monitor transplantation efficiency and graft survival, reliable noninvasive imaging methods are needed. If such methods were introduced into the clinic, essential information could be obtained repeatedly and noninvasively. Here we report on the in vivo detection of transplanted human pancreatic islets using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that allowed noninvasive monitoring of islet grafts in diabetic mice in real time. We anticipate that the information obtained in this study would ultimately result in the ability to detect and monitor islet engraftment in humans, which would greatly aid the clinical management of this disease. DK071225/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United StatesJournal ArticleResearch Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralUnited States http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=16380717