31 Gupta, D. Jetton, T. L. Mortensen, R. M. Duan, S. Z. Peshavaria, M. Leahy, J. L. 2008 J Biol Chem 283 47 32462-70 Nov 21 0021-9258 (Print) 18718916 Insulin-Secreting Cells Hyperglycemia/genetics Humans Homeodomain Proteins/*genetics *Gene Expression Regulation Base Sequence Animals Trans-Activators/*genetics Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid Response Elements *Promoter Regions, Genetic PPAR gamma/*metabolism Molecular Sequence Data Mice, Transgenic Mice Male Islets of Langerhans/metabolism Sequence Homology Genetic Transgenic Nucleic Acid *Promoter Regions We reported that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) transcriptionally regulates the beta-cell differentiation factor pancreatic duodenal homeobox (PDX)-1 based on in vitro RNA interference studies. We have now studied mice depleted of PPARgamma within the pancreas (PANC PPARgamma(-/-)) created by a Cre/loxP recombinase system, with Cre driven by the pdx-1 promoter. Male PANC PPARgamma(-/-) mice were hyperglycemic at 8 weeks of age (8.1+/-0.2 mM versus 6.4+/-0.3 mM, p=0.009) with islet cytoarchitecture and pancreatic mass of islet beta-cells that were indistinguishable from the controls. Islet PDX-1 mRNA (p=0.001) and protein levels (p=0.003) were lowered 60 and 40%, respectively, in tandem with impaired glucose-induced insulin secretion and loss of thiazolidinedione-induced increase in PDX-1 expression. We next identified a putative PPAR-response element (PPRE) in the mouse pdx-1 promoter with substantial homology to the corresponding region of the human PDX-1 promoter. Electrophoretic mobility supershift assays with nuclear extracts from beta-cell lines and mouse islets, also in vitro translated PPARgamma and retinoid X receptor, and chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis demonstrated specific binding of PPARgamma and retinoid X receptor to the human and mouse pdx-1 x PPREs. Transient transfection assays of beta-cells with reporter constructs of mutated PPREs showed dramatically reduced pdx-1 promoter activity. In summary, we have presented in vivo and in vitro evidence showing PPARgamma regulation of pdx-1 transcription in beta-cells, plus our results support an important regulatory role for PPARgamma in beta-cell physiology and thiazolidinedione pharmacology of type 2 diabetes. DK56818/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United StatesDK66635/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United StatesIn VitroJournal ArticleResearch Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tUnited States http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=18718916